Melasma causes and treatment

 

Melasma is a common skin condition characterized by patches of discoloration, typically on the face, particularly on the cheeks, nose, and forehead. It is also known as chloasma or mask of pregnancy, as it often affects pregnant women. The patches are usually brown or gray in color and can be symmetrical, meaning they appear on both sides of the face.

Melasma is caused by the overproduction of melanin, the pigment responsible for skin color, in response to various factors such as:

1. Hormonal changes: Fluctuations in estrogen and progesterone levels during pregnancy, birth control pill use, or hormone replacement therapy.

2. Sun exposure: UV rays stimulate melanin production, making melasma worse.

3. Genetic predisposition: Family history of melasma increases the risk.

4. Skin care products: Certain products can irritate the skin and trigger melasma.

Treatment options include:

1. Topical creams: Hydroquinone, retinoids, and corticosteroids can help lighten patches.

2. Chemical peels: Glycolic acid or lactic acid peels can exfoliate and reduce pigmentation.

3. Laser therapy: Targeted laser treatments can break up melanin and reduce patches.

4. Sun protection: Using broad-spectrum sunscreen, wearing protective clothing, and seeking shade can prevent worsening.